Lub npe hu ua hlau kos duab muaj keeb kwm ntev.Cov khoom siv hlau tsoos yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev, tsev thiab lub vaj.Cov khoom hlau thaum ntxov tshaj plaws tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 2500 BC, thiab Hittite Kingdom nyob rau hauv Asia Minor yog dav suav hais tias yog qhov chaw yug ntawm hlau kos duab.
Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av Hittite ntawm Asia Minor tau ua tiav ntau yam khoom siv hlau, xws li cov lauj kaub hlau, cov diav hlau, riam chav ua noj, txiab, rau tes, ntaj, thiab hmuv.Cov khoom siv hlau no yog ntxhib lossis zoo.Hais lus nruj me ntsis, cov khoom siv hlau no yuav tsum hu ua ironware kom meej.Lub sijhawm dhau mus, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau tsim, thiab tib neeg txoj kev ua neej thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub tau hloov nrog txhua hnub dhau mus.Nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes ntawm ntau tiam neeg ntawm hlau craftman thiab nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg ntawm kev xav ntawm hluav taws kub, ironware tau maj poob nws ancient "xeb" thiab glowed.yog li tau yug los ib yam khoom tsis kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hlau.Cov hauj lwm thaum ub ntawm blacksmithing maj mam ploj mus, thiab cov khoom siv hlau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txhim kho sai hauv keeb kwm ntawm hlau curving.
1. Hlau kos duab thiab nws ib puag ncig

Hlau kos duab yog kev sib haum xeeb thiab cim nrog ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.Nyob rau tib lub zos, qhov no txawv ntawm lwm tus.Tus A yog qhov txawv ntawm B. Cov neeg tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau yam hauv cheeb tsam me me, los ntawm ib lub tsev mus rau lwm qhov, xav txog kev tsim kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, thiab qhov muag-catching curvature los yog shocking zoo!

Qhov sib npaug thiab kev xav yog qhov tsim nyog, zoo nkauj, nrog kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj kom cov neeg taug kev tuaj yeem nres thiab qhuas lawv.Cov khoom siv hlau no qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov tswv tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg siv khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee qhov kev lom zem thiab chaw noj mov.Cov neeg nplua nuj thiab cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe muaj peev xwm muaj xws li huab tais ntawm cov khoom kim heev hlau, cov classics los ntawm lub xyoo pua xya lossis kaum yim.

2. Ecov khoom sib koom ua ke
Cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.Ib sab ntawm no eco-phooj ywg cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, lawv yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm thiab nkhaus.Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, muaj zog craftsmanship, cov khoom zoo li smoothly polished, tshem tawm burrs thiab khawb;cov technics no ua ke nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev tiv thaiv xeb siv cov txheej txheej zoo ib yam muab rau tib neeg cov khoom siv ntev.

Niaj hnub no, ntau tus neeg nyiam cov khoom siv hlau vim yog vim li cas aboc.Lub zog, siab tiv taus cua thiab nag, siv tau ntev, tiv thaiv kab thiab lwm yam ...

3. Kev lag luamtxheej txheem.
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog lwm qhov teeb meem.Niaj hnub no, kev txhawb siab thiab kev siv dav hlau kos duab tsis yog ib qho yooj yim keeb kwm rov ua dua.Txawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua 21st, tsis muaj hlau tseem ceeb dua li hlau, thiab qhov no tau muaj tseeb rau ntau li 3,000 xyoo.Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab ntau yam txuj ci tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau nrog ntau yam khoom.Keeb kwm, muaj peb hom hlau: wrought hlau, cam khwb cia hlau, thiab hlau.Craftsmen tso siab rau tag nrho ntawm kev paub thiab kev soj ntsuam pom txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no thiab siv lawv rau ntau pua xyoo.Nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo pua 19th uas qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv tau nkag siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm carbon.

Wrought hlau yog yuav luag cov hlau ntshiab, cov hlau uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau yooj yim hauv forge thiab uas yog tawv thiab tseem ductile, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem hammered rau hauv cov duab.Cam khwb cia hlau, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ib qho cim ntawm cov pa roj carbon, tej zaum ntau li tsib feem pua, sib xyaw nrog cov hlau (hauv kev sib xyaw tshuaj thiab lub cev).Qhov no yog ib yam khoom uas, tsis zoo li wrought hlau, yuav yaj nyob rau hauv charcoal furnaces thiab yog li poured thiab cam khwb cia rau hauv pwm.Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev tab sis kuj nkig.Keeb kwm, cam khwb cia hlau yog cov khoom ntawm blast furnaces, thawj zaug siv los ntawm Suav metalsmiths tej zaum thaum ntxov li 2,500 xyoo dhau los.

Rau ib puas xyoo dhau los thiab ib nrab, daim ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau yog hlau.Hlau yog cov khoom siv ntau yam, nws cov khoom nyob ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide-feem ntau ntawm 0.5 thiab 2 feem pua-thiab ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv alloying.Feem ntau, steel sib txuas cov tawv tawv ntawm wrought hlau nrog lub hardness ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, li no keeb kwm nws tau muaj nuj nqis rau kev siv xws li hniav thiab springs.Ua ntej nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, ua kom tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tab sis kev tshawb pom ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab cov tswv yim, xws li qhib-hearth smelting thiab Bessemer txheej txheem (thawj pheej yig cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov hlau loj. los ntawm hlau), ua steel pheej yig thiab plentiful, displaced nws rivals rau yuav luag tag nrho cov siv.

Yog vim li cas tom qab no hlau kos duab ua tau zoo tsuas yog nws cov txheej txheem nqi qis.