Zomwe zimatchedwa zachitsulo zaluso zinayamba kalekale.Zojambula zachitsulo zachikhalidwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokongoletsa nyumba, nyumba ndi minda.Zopangira zitsulo zakale kwambiri zidapangidwa cha m'ma 2500 BC, ndipo Ufumu wa Ahiti ku Asia Minor umadziwika kuti ndi malo obadwirako zaluso zachitsulo.
Anthu a m’chigawo cha Ahiti ku Asia Minor ankapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo monga ziwiya zachitsulo, spoons zachitsulo, mipeni yakukhitchini, lumo, misomali, malupanga, ndi mikondo.Zida zachitsulo izi zimakhala zowawa kapena zabwino.Kunena zowona, zida zachitsulo izi ziyenera kutchedwa ironware kuti zikhale zolondola.Nthawi ikupita, sayansi ndi luso lamakono zakula, ndipo moyo wa anthu ndi zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku zasintha tsiku lililonse.M'manja mwa mibadwo ya amisiri achitsulo komanso m'ng'anjo yamoto wamalingaliro, zida zachitsulo zataya "dzimbiri" zakale ndikuwala.motero kunabadwa masitayelo opanda malire a zinthu zaluso zachitsulo.Ntchito yakale ya blacksmithing inazimiririka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ironware inathetsedwa ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaumisiri m'mbiri ya chitsulo chopindika.
1. Zojambula zachitsulo ndi chilengedwe chake

Zojambula zachitsulo ndizogwirizana komanso zofananira ndi malo ozungulira.M’mudzi womwewo, uyu ndi wosiyana ndi wina.The A ndi yosiyana ndi B. Anthu amatha kusiyanitsa masitayelo ambiri m'dera laling'ono kwambiri, kuchokera ku nyumba imodzi kupita ku ina, polingalira za kukongola kwabwino kwambiri, kupindika kochititsa chidwi kapena mawonekedwe odabwitsa!

Kuchulukana ndi kawonedwe kake ndi koyenera, kokongola, kokhudza mwaluso kwambiri kotero kuti odutsa mnjira angayime ndikusilira.Zojambula zachitsulo izi zimawonetsa zokonda zachikhalidwe za eni ake apadera ndi magulu a makasitomala, makamaka zosangalatsa zachikhalidwe ndi malo odyera.Anthu olemera ndi olemekezeka akhoza kukhala ndi mfumu yamtengo wapatali yazitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zapamwamba za m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu.

2. Eco-wochezeka mankhwala
Zambiri mwazojambula zachitsulo zimagwirizana ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe.Kupatula izi eco-wochezeka zazinthu zachitsulo, ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito komanso kupindika.Ndi ntchito yabwino, njira yololera, luso lamphamvu, mawonekedwe azinthu amapukutidwa bwino, amachotsa ma burrs ndi zokopa;njira izi pamodzi ndi mankhwala odana ndi dzimbiri ndi odana ndi dzimbiri ntchito yunifolomu ❖ kuyanika kupatsa anthu mankhwala okhalitsa.

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amakonda zojambulajambula zachitsulo chifukwa chazifukwa za aboce.Mphamvu, kukana mphepo ndi mvula, kugwiritsa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, anti-tizilombo etc…

3.Zachumandondomeko.
Mtengo wa ntchito zachitsulo ndi nkhani ina.Masiku ano, chitsitsimutso ndi kufalikira kwa ntchito zachitsulo sikungobwerezabwereza mbiri yakale.Ngakhale m’zaka za m’ma 2000, palibe chitsulo chofunika kwambiri kuposa chitsulo, ndipo zimenezi zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka 3,000.Miyendo yogwira ntchito yachitsulo imapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zimatha kupanga mitundu yachitsulo yokhala ndi katundu wambiri.M'mbiri yakale, pakhala pali mitundu itatu yachitsulo: chitsulo chophwanyika, chitsulo chosungunuka, ndi chitsulo.Amisiri odalira kwambiri zomwe adakumana nazo komanso kupenya adapeza chilichonse mwa mawonekedwewa ndipo adachigwiritsa ntchito kwazaka mazana ambiri.Sizinali mpaka zaka za m'ma 1900 pamene kusiyana pakati pawo kunamveka, makamaka ntchito ya carbon.

Chitsulo chophwanyika chimakhala pafupifupi chitsulo choyera, chitsulo chomwe chimatha kupangidwa mosavuta mumtsuko ndipo chimakhala cholimba koma chimakhala ndi ductile, kutanthauza kuti chikhoza kumenyedwa.Komano, chitsulo chotayira chimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kaboni, mwina mpaka 5 peresenti, kusakanikirana ndi chitsulo (mophatikiza mankhwala ndi thupi).Izi zimapanga mankhwala omwe, mosiyana ndi chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kusungunuka m'ng'anjo zamakala ndipo motero amathiridwa ndikuponyedwa mu nkhungu.Ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zolimba.M'mbiri yakale, chitsulo chosungunuka chinali chopangidwa ndi ng'anjo zophulika, zomwe poyamba zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osula zitsulo ku China mwina zaka 2,500 zapitazo.

Kwa zaka zana ndi theka zapitazi, mtundu wofunika kwambiri wachitsulo wakhala chitsulo.Zitsulo ndizochulukirachulukira, zomwe katundu wake amadalira kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe uli - nthawi zambiri pakati pa 0.5 ndi 2 peresenti - komanso pazinthu zina zophatikizira.Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chimaphatikiza kulimba kwachitsulo cholimba ndi kuuma kwa chitsulo chonyezimira, motero mbiriyakale yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba ndi akasupe.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, kuti akwaniritse bwino zinthu zimenezi ankafunika luso lapamwamba kwambiri, koma kupeza zida zatsopano ndi njira zatsopano, monga kusungunula pansi ndi njira ya Bessemer (yoyamba yotsika mtengo yamakampani yopangira zitsulo zopangira zitsulo zambiri. kuchokera ku chitsulo), kupanga chitsulo chotchipa komanso chochulukira, kuthamangitsa adani ake pafupifupi ntchito zonse.

Chifukwa cha kupambana kwachitsulo ichi ndi njira yake yotsika mtengo.