Incamake no gutondekanya inganda zo mu nzu

1. Incamake y'ibikoresho

Ibikoresho mu buryo bwagutse bivuga ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho bikenewe kugirango abantu babeho ubuzima busanzwe, bakora imirimo yumurimo kandi bakora ibikorwa byimibereho.Iki cyiciro gikubiyemo ibicuruzwa hafi ya byose bidukikije, ibikoresho byo mumijyi nibicuruzwa rusange.Bishyirwa mubikorwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi, akazi, nibikorwa byimikoranire yabantu, ibikoresho ni ibikoresho byibikoresho nibikoresho abantu bicara, kubeshya, kubeshya, cyangwa gushyigikira no kubika ibintu.Ibikoresho bikora nkibikoresho hagati yubwubatsi nabantu, bikora inzibacyuho hagati yimbere yimbere numubiri wumuntu binyuze muburyo nubunini.Ibikoresho ni kwagura ibikorwa byubwubatsi, kandi imirimo yihariye yumwanya wimbere iragaragazwa cyangwa igashimangirwa binyuze mugushiraho ibikoresho.Mugihe kimwe, ibikoresho nibikoresho byingenzi byumwanya wimbere, bifite ingaruka zo gushushanya kandi bigizwe nibintu byose hamwe n'umwanya w'imbere.

Inganda zo mu nzu zirimo ubwoko butatu bwibicuruzwa: ibikoresho, imitako yo guturamo (harimo ibikoresho biramba nibicuruzwa byabaguzi), nibikoresho byubaka.Gusaba ibikoresho byubaka byoroheje bifitanye isano no kugurisha amazu mashya kandi muri rusange ni cycle kuruta ibikoresho byo mu rugo hamwe no gukenera amazu.

Inzira yo hejuru yinganda zinganda zikora ibikoresho byo murugo nibikoresho bihuza ibikoresho, cyane cyane ibiti, uruhu, ibyuma, plastike, ikirahure, sponge, nibindi.;rwagati rwagati rwurwego rwinganda ninganda zikora ibikoresho, cyane cyane harimo ibikoresho byo mubiti, gukora ibikoresho byo mucyuma, ibikoresho byo mu nzu byuzuye, nibindi.;urunigi rw'inganda Inzira yo hasi ni ihuriro ryo kugurisha ibikoresho, kandi inzira zo kugurisha zirimo supermarket, amaduka yishami, amazu yo kugurisha ibikoresho, kugurisha kumurongo, ububiko bwihariye bwibikoresho, nibindi.

2. Gutondekanya inganda zo mu nzu

1. Ukurikije ibikoresho byo mu nzu, birashobora kugabanywamo: ibikoresho bigezweho, ibikoresho bya postmodern, ibikoresho bya kera byaburayi, ibikoresho byabanyamerika, ibikoresho bya kera byabashinwa, ibikoresho bya neoclassical ibikoresho, ibikoresho bishya bishaje, ibikoresho byabashumba bo muri koreya, nibikoresho bya Mediterane.

2. Ukurikije ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, ibikoresho bigabanijemo: ibikoresho bya jade, ibikoresho bikomeye byo mu mbaho, ibikoresho byo mu mbaho, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho bya rattan, ibikoresho by'imigano, ibikoresho byo mu cyuma, ibikoresho by'ibyuma, ibikoresho byo mu biti, n'ibindi bikoresho bifatika nk'ikirahure, marble , ububumbyi, amabuye y'agaciro ya organic, fibre fibre, resin, nibindi

3. Ukurikije imikorere y'ibikoresho, igabanijwemo ibyiciro byinshi: ibikoresho byo mu biro, ibikoresho byo hanze, ibikoresho byo mu cyumba cyo kubamo, ibikoresho byo mu cyumba cyo kuryamo, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho bya resitora, ibikoresho byo mu bwiherero, ibikoresho byo mu bwiherero n'ibikoresho byo mu bwiherero (ibikoresho) n'ubufasha ibikoresho.

4. Ibikoresho bishyirwa mubikorwa: ibikoresho byateranijwe, ibikoresho byasenyutse, ibikoresho byo kuzinga, ibikoresho byahujwe, ibikoresho byubatswe nurukuta, nibikoresho byahagaritswe.

5. Ibikoresho bishyirwa mubikorwa ukurikije ingaruka zimiterere, ibikoresho bisanzwe nibikoresho byubuhanzi.

6. Ukurikije icyiciro cyo gutondekanya ibicuruzwa byo mu nzu, birashobora kugabanywamo: urwego rwo hejuru, urwego rwo hejuru, urwego rwo hagati, urwego rwo hagati, urwego rwo hasi, n'urwego rwo hasi.Isesengura ryimiterere yisoko ryinganda zo mu nzu

1. Isesengura ry'ubunini bw'isoko ry'inganda zo mu nzu

1. Isesengura rinini ryisoko ryibikoresho byo ku isi

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, ibikoresho byo mu nzu byasohotse buhoro buhoro hamwe no kuzamuka kw’ubukungu bw’isi.Kugeza mu 2020, yazamutse igera kuri miliyari 510 z'amadolari y'Amerika, yiyongeraho 4.1% ugereranije na 2019. Isoko ry'ibikoresho byo ku isi ryinjiye mu cyiciro cyo kuzamuka gahoro.
Imbonerahamwe 1: 2016-2020 Igipimo cy’ibikoresho byo mu nzu ku isi

Kugeza ubu, mu bihugu bikomeye by’ibicuruzwa n’ibikoreshwa mu nganda zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo ku isi, igipimo cy’Ubushinwa cyikorera kandi kigurisha gishobora kugera kuri 98%.Muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, n’umuguzi munini wibikoresho, 39% biva mubitumizwa mu mahanga, naho ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bikabyara 61% gusa.Birashobora kugaragara ko muri Amerika, Uburayi no mubindi bihugu cyangwa uturere bifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gufungura isoko, isoko ryibikoresho rifite ubushobozi bunini.Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere ry’urwego rw’ubukungu rwa buri gihugu ndetse no kwiyongera kw’umuturage uteganijwe kwishyurwa, ubushake bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu nzu bizakomeza kwiyongera.
Imbonerahamwe 2: Gukoresha ibihugu bitanu byambere ku isi bikoresha ibikoresho

Muri iki gihe Ubushinwa n’igihugu kinini ku isi gikora ibikoresho byohereza mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi gifite isoko ryinshi ry’abaguzi.Mu myaka yashize, amasosiyete yo mu nzu nayo akoresha cyane ikoranabuhanga nka interineti, inganda zifite ubwenge, n’umusaruro w’icyatsi kugira ngo urwego rw’inganda rutezimbere.Kugeza ubu, uruganda rw’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu cyanjye ruri mu bihe bikomeye byo guhindura imiterere.Muri 2020, igiteranyo cyoherezwa mu mahanga ibikoresho byo mu gihugu cyanjye n'ibice byacyo bizagera kuri miliyari 58.406 z'amadolari y'Amerika, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 11.8%.

Turashimira iterambere ryinganda zikora ibikoresho no kugabanuka kwibiciro byo gutwara ibikoresho, gutumiza ibikoresho kumurongo byazanye amahitamo menshi kandi byorohereza abakiriya.Amakuru yerekana ko kuva 2017 kugeza 2020, igipimo cyo kugurisha kumurongo ku isoko ryibikoresho byo ku isi cyiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, kandi imiyoboro yo kuri interineti yabaye moteri nshya yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ibikoresho byo ku isi.Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no gukomeza kwagura imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi no guteza imbere ibikoresho, kwishyura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga n’izindi nganda zishyigikira, biteganijwe ko umubare w’isoko ry’ibikoresho byo kuri interineti biteganijwe ko uzakomeza kwiyongera.2. Isesengura ryibipimo byisoko ryo murugo

Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyanjye mu myaka yashize no kuzamura urwego rw’imikoreshereze y’abaturage, ibyo bakeneye ku munsi nkenerwa mu bikoresho nk’ibikoresho ndetse n’ibisabwa gusimburwa bikomeje kwiyongera.Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryibikoresho byubwenge nibikoresho byabigenewe mugihugu cyanjye mumyaka yashize, umusaruro wibikoresho mubihugu byanjye nawo wiyongereye cyane.
Imbonerahamwe 5: Umusaruro niterambere ryinganda zikora ibikoresho byo murugo kuva 2016 kugeza 2020

Duhereye ku kugurisha ibicuruzwa, mu myaka yashize, byatewe no kugabanuka kw’imitungo itimukanwa, icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu cyanjye cyagabanutse, kandi kugurisha ibicuruzwa byo mu nzu nabyo byagabanutse.Dukurikije imibare, kugurisha ibicuruzwa byo mu nzu mu gihugu cyanjye bizaba miliyari 166.68 mu mwaka wa 2021, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 4.3%.
Imbonerahamwe 6: Igipimo cyo kugurisha no kwiyongera kwinganda zo mu rugo kuva mu 2016 kugeza 2021

Urebye amafaranga yinjira mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu nzu, impinduka zirasa cyane n’izagurishwa mu bucuruzi, kandi muri rusange icyerekezo kiri hasi.Dukurikije imibare, amafaranga yinjira mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu gihugu cyanjye mu 2021 azaba miliyari 800.46 yu mwaka, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 16.4%.Ugereranije na 2018-2020, isoko ryibikoresho byo murugo rifite inzira yo gukira.
Imbonerahamwe 7: 2017-2021 Inganda zo mu rugo ibikoresho byinjira nisesengura ryiterambere

2. Isesengura ryimiterere ihiganwa yinganda zo mu nzu

Ubwinshi bw'inganda zo mu gihugu cyanjye ni buke.Muri 2020, CR3 ni 5.02% gusa, CR5 ni 6.32% gusa, naho CR10 ni 8.20% gusa.Kugeza ubu, uruganda rw’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu cyanjye rwateye imbere mu nganda zikomeye ziganjemo umusaruro w’imashini, hamwe no gukomeza guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no kugaragara kw'ibicuruzwa bizwi.Mu gihe igihugu cyibanda ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa bitatse imitako no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi, isoko ry’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu rigenda ryerekeza ku marushanwa y’ibicuruzwa.Mugutezimbere urwego rwa tekiniki, gushimangira imicungire yubuziranenge, no kongera ishoramari mukwamamaza no kwamamaza, ibyiza biranga imishinga iyoboye inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu nzu byagaragaye buhoro buhoro, bituma habaho kuzamura urwego rw’irushanwa ry’inganda, no guteza imbere ishyirwaho ry’iterambere ryatewe n'ibigo byamamaza no guhanga udushya mu nganda zose.Inganda ziziyongera.bizatera imbere.

Isesengura ku majyambere yiterambere ryinganda zo mu nzu

1. Guhindura mubitekerezo byo gukoresha biteza imbere ibicuruzwa

Hamwe no kuzamuka kw'ibisekuru bishya by'itsinda ry'abaguzi, imibereho y'abantu n'ibitekerezo by'ubuzima byahindutse, kandi ibisabwa byashyizwe hejuru kubikoresho byo mu nzu.Guhitamo ibicuruzwa byo mu nzu birarenze kandi bigezweho.Mugihe kizaza, imiterere, Imyambarire, guta igihe no kuzigama umurimo bizatsinda amatsinda menshi y'abaguzi.Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no kurushaho kunoza igitekerezo cy "" imitako yoroheje, imitako iremereye ", abaguzi bakunda cyane igikundiro cyibidukikije byose, aho kugura gusa ameza yo gufungura, ibitanda, ibitanda, sofa, n'ibikoresho byoroshye bizaza Igishushanyo kizagenda gihinduka imbaraga zikomeye zo gutwara ibikoresho.Imikorere nubwenge nabyo ni inzira nyamukuru yibikoresho byo mu nzu.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byumukara ibikoresho byubwenge byagaragaye buhoro buhoro, kandi ibikoresho byo mubikoresho bikora kandi byubwenge bizahinduka inzira nyamukuru yibihe.

2. Guhinduka mubisabwa biteza imbere iterambere rishya ryinganda

Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryubukungu bwigihugu cyanjye no gukomeza kuzamura imibereho yabaturage n’imibereho, abaguzi ntibagihaze imirimo yibanze yibikoresho byo mu nzu, kandi bitondera cyane ibirango byibicuruzwa nuburambe bwabakoresha.Mu rwego rwo guhaza ibyifuzo by’abaguzi, abakora ibikoresho byo mu nzu bakomeje kongera ishoramari mu gushushanya ibicuruzwa no kubaka ibicuruzwa, bakomeza kunoza ubwiza n’uburambe bw’abakoresha ku bicuruzwa, no kongera kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa mu bitekerezo by’abaguzi.Muri icyo gihe, abakiri bato b'amatsinda y'abaguzi bahindutse buhoro buhoro, kandi imbaraga nshya zo gukoresha bahagarariwe nazo zisuka ku isoko ry'ibikoresho.Hamwe nogusubiramo kwabaguzi, impinduka mubibazo byububabare bwokoresha, gutandukanya imiyoboro yamakuru, no gutandukanya igihe, uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha bwagiye buhoro buhoro buhoro buhoro, ibyo bizarushaho guteza imbere iterambere ryibikoresho byo mu nzu.Mu bihe biri imbere, ibigo byo mu nzu bigomba kwita cyane ku kubaka ibicuruzwa no gushushanya ibicuruzwa, kugira ngo bihuze ibyifuzo bishya by’abaguzi ku bicuruzwa byo mu nzu.Inganda zo mu nzu zizatera imbere mu cyerekezo cyo kugurisha gishya, kwamamaza gushya, na serivisi nshya.

3. Imiyoboro yo kumurongo izahinduka ingingo nshya yo gukura

Kwungukira ku kwamamara kwa interineti no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kwishyura, e-ubucuruzi buratera imbere, kandi umubare munini w’abaguzi batangiye gutsimbataza akamenyero ko guhaha kuri interineti.Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha amashusho, videwo nibindi bitangazamakuru kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa, urubuga rwo guhaha kumurongo rushobora kurangiza byihuse ibicuruzwa binyuze mubwishyu bworoshye kumurongo, kandi imikorere yubucuruzi yaratejwe imbere cyane.Iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zikoresha e-ubucuruzi mu gihugu cyanjye, imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi izahinduka iterambere rishya ku isoko ry’ibikoresho byo mu gihugu cyanjye.