Ibyo bita ibihangano byicyuma bifite amateka maremare.Ibicuruzwa gakondo byubukorikori bikoreshwa cyane mugushushanya inyubako, amazu nubusitani.Ibicuruzwa bya mbere bya fer byakozwe mbere ya 2500 mbere ya Yesu, kandi ubwami bwa Heti muri Aziya Ntoya bufatwa nkaho ariho havuka ibihangano.
Abantu bo mu karere ka Heti muri Aziya Ntoya batunganyaga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byicyuma, nkibikono byicyuma, ibiyiko byicyuma, ibyuma byo mugikoni, imikasi, imisumari, inkota, nicumu.Ibicuruzwa byicyuma birakomeye cyangwa byiza.Mu magambo make, ibyo bicuruzwa byubuhanzi bigomba kwitwa ibyuma kugirango bibe byuzuye.Igihe kirengana, siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga byateye imbere, kandi imibereho yabantu nibikenerwa bya buri munsi byahindutse uko bwije n'uko bukeye.Mu biganza by'ibisekuru by'abanyabukorikori b'icyuma no mu itanura ry'umuriro w'amarangamutima, ibyuma byagiye bitakaza buhoro buhoro "ingese" ya kera kandi birabagirana.nuko havutse uburyo butagira akagero bwibicuruzwa byubuhanzi.Umwuga wa kera wo gucura wacitse buhoro buhoro, kandi ibyuma byakuweho niterambere ryihuse ryihuse mumateka yo gutema ibyuma.
1. Ubuhanzi bwicyuma nibidukikije

Ubuhanzi bwicyuma burahuza kandi bugereranya nibidukikije.Mu mudugudu umwe, uyu aratandukanye n'undi.A itandukanye na B. Abantu barashobora gutandukanya uburyo bwinshi mukarere gato cyane, kuva munzu imwe kurindi, batekereza igishushanyo cyiza cyiza, en curvature cyangwa ijisho ritangaje!

Ingano n'ibitekerezo birumvikana, byiza, hamwe no gukoraho ubuhanzi buhanitse kuburyo abahisi n'abanyamaguru bashobora guhagarara no kubishimira.Ibicuruzwa byibyuma byerekana uburyohe bwumuco wa ba nyirubwite hamwe nitsinda ryabakiriya, cyane cyane imyidagaduro yumuco hamwe n’ahantu ho gusangirira.Abantu bakize kandi b'abanyacyubahiro barashobora gutunga umwami nk'uyu w'ibyuma byagutse, bya kera kuva mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi cyangwa cumi n'umunani.

2. Eibicuruzwa bifatanyabikorwa
Ibyinshi mubicuruzwa byibyuma byubahiriza kurengera ibidukikije.Usibye iyi miterere yangiza ibidukikije yibicuruzwa byubuhanzi, biroroshye gukora no kugorora.Hamwe nibikorwa byiza, inzira yumvikana, ubukorikori bukomeye, ibicuruzwa bigaragara neza neza neza, bikuraho burrs hamwe;ubwo buhanga bufatanije no kurwanya ruswa no kuvura ingese ukoresheje igifuniko kimwe giha abantu ibicuruzwa birebire.

Muri iki gihe, abantu benshi bakunda ibicuruzwa byubuhanzi kubera impamvu za aboce.Imbaraga, kurwanya cyane umuyaga nimvura, gukoresha igihe kirekire, kurwanya udukoko nibindi…

3.Ubukunguinzira.
Igiciro cyubukorikori bwicyuma nikindi kibazo.Uyu munsi, ububyutse no gukoresha cyane ibihangano byicyuma ntabwo byoroshye gusubiramo amateka.No mu kinyejana cya 21, nta cyuma gikomeye kibaho kirenze icyuma, kandi ibi byabaye ukuri mugihe cyimyaka 3.000.Amabuye y'agaciro y'icyuma aboneka hafi ya buri gice cyisi, kandi tekinike zitandukanye zirashobora gutanga imiterere yicyuma hamwe nibintu byinshi.Mu mateka, habaye uburyo butatu bwibanze bwicyuma: ibyuma bikozwe, ibyuma, ibyuma.Abanyabukorikori bashingiye gusa kuburambe no kwitegereza bavumbuye buri bwoko kandi barabukoresheje ibinyejana byinshi.Mu kinyejana cya 19 ni bwo hamenyekanye itandukaniro riri hagati yabo, cyane cyane uruhare rwa karubone.

Icyuma gikozwe hafi yicyuma cyera, icyuma gishobora gukorerwa byoroshye mugihimbano kandi kirakomeye kandi nyamara kirahinduka, bivuze ko gishobora kuba inyundo muburyo.Ku rundi ruhande, ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma, bifite urugero rwa karubone, wenda nka bitanu ku ijana, bivanze n'icyuma (haba mu miti ndetse no mu mubiri).Ibi bigize ibicuruzwa, bitandukanye nicyuma gikozwe, gishobora gushongeshwa mumatara yamakara bityo kigasukwa no gutabwa mubibumbano.Biragoye cyane ariko kandi biravunika.Mu mateka, ibyuma bikozwe mu itanura ryaturikiye, ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere n'abacuzi b'Abashinwa wenda nko mu myaka 2500 ishize.

Mu kinyejana gishize nigice, uburyo bwingenzi bwicyuma ni ibyuma.Ibyuma mubyukuri ni ibintu byinshi, ibikoresho bifite biterwa nubunini bwa karubone irimo - hagati ya 0.5 na 2 ku ijana - ndetse nibindi bikoresho bivanga.Mubisanzwe, ibyuma bihuza ubukana bwicyuma gikozwe hamwe nubukomezi bwicyuma, bityo mumateka kikaba cyarahawe agaciro mugukoresha nk'icyuma n'amasoko.Mbere yikinyejana cya 19 rwagati, kugera kuri ubwo buringanire bwimitungo byasabaga ubukorikori bwo murwego rwohejuru, ariko kuvumbura ibikoresho nubuhanga bushya, nko gushongesha umuriro-gutwika hamwe na Bessemer (inzira yambere yinganda zidahenze zibyuma bitanga umusaruro mwinshi) kuva mucyuma), yakoze ibyuma bihendutse kandi byinshi, bimura abo bahanganye hafi ya byose bikoreshwa.

Impamvu iri inyuma yubukorikori bwicyuma nigikorwa cyayo gito.